IN THE NEWS - PAGE 1

From: Food & Wine, January 14, 2024

Link: A New Study Says Microplastics Are Widespread in Seafood — Here's What You Need to Know.

"These microscopic particles have been linked to negative health outcomes such as cardiovascular problems and oxidative stress. 

A new study in the journal Frontiers in Toxicology found that microplastics in the fish we consume are far more widespread than you may think. 

In late December, researchers from Portland State University's Applied Coastal Ecology published the findings of their study looking into the proliferation of "anthropogenic particles," or APs, which includes microplastics and microfibers in fish and crustaceans humans often consume.

Specifically, the study examined the edible tissue of fish often fished along the Oregon coast or sold in the state's markets: black rockfish, lingcod, Chinook salmon, Pacific herring, Pacific lamprey, and pink shrimp — measuring the amount of microplastics in each. The study discovered APs in 180 of the 182 samples it collected, with only the lingcod and herring remaining unscathed.

"It's very concerning that microfibers appear to move from the gut into other tissues such as muscle," Susanne Brader, an ecotoxicologist from Oregon State University, shared in a press release about the study. "This has wide implications for other organisms, potentially including humans too."

Link: A New Study Says Microplastics Are Widespread in Seafood — Here's What You Need to Know

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #PlastiClenze #pollution #BPAs #seafood #PortlandState

From: The New York Times, January 14, 2024

Link: Do I Need to Worry About Microplastics in Tea Bags?.

"Not all tea bags shed them. We asked experts if it’s risky to use the ones that do."

Link: Do I Need to Worry About Microplastics in Tea Bags? 

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #PlastiClenze #pollution #BPAs #teabags

From: msn, December 31, 2024

Link: Scientists issue urgent warning about drinking TEA.

"For millions of Britons, the day doesn't really start until you've had your first cup of tea.

But a new study might make you think twice before reaching for the kettle.

Scientists from Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona have warned that a single tea bag can release billions of dangerous microplastics into your body."

Link: Scientists issue urgent warning about drinking TEA 

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #PlastiClenze #pollution #BPAs

From: UCSF, December 18, 2024

Link: Microplastics in the Air May Be Leading to Lung and Colon Cancers.

"Tires and degrading garbage shed tiny pieces of plastic into the air, creating a form of air pollution that UC San Francisco researchers suspect may be causing respiratory and other illnesses.

A review of some 3,000 studies implicates these particles in a variety of serious health problems. These include male and female infertility, colon cancer and poor lung function. The particles also may contribute to chronic pulmonary inflammation, which can increase the risk of lung cancer.

“These microplastics are basically particulate matter air pollution, and we know this type of air pollution is harmful,” said Tracey J. Woodruff, PhD, MPH, a professor of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive sciences at UCSF."

Link: Microplastics in the Air May Be Leading to Lung and Colon Cancers

#UCSF #prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #PlastiClenze #pollution

From: npr, December 18, 2024

Link: Scientists know our bodies are full of microplastics. What are they doing to us?.

"It's a disturbing thought: At this very moment, tiny crumbs of plastic are trickling through our bodies, a parade of unwelcome houseguests ready to take up residence in some tissue or organ.

A wave of new studies has come out recently, and each one seems to paint an ever more vivid picture of how microplastics — and their smaller counterparts, nanoplastics — have infiltrated the deepest corners of our anatomy. The lungs, liver and heart, guts and brain, even the testicles and placenta — nothing seems to be spared.

The outpouring of research has brought enormous visibility to how these fragments permeate our daily lives. Long studied in oceans, waterways and marine life, researchers have now shifted focus to human health."

Link: Scientists know our bodies are full of microplastics. What are they doing to us? 

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #PlastiClenze #pollution

From: Medscape, December 13, 2024

Link: Health Impacts of Micro- and Nanoplastics.

"In preparation for a future international treaty aimed at reducing plastic pollution, the French Parliamentary Office for the Evaluation of Scientific and Technological Choices presented the conclusions of a public hearing on the impact of plastics on various aspects of human health."

Link: Health Impacts of Micro- and Nanoplastics

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #PlastiClenze #pollution

From: News Medical, December 10, 2024

Link: Microplastics detected in human blood linked to altered coagulation markers.

"Research finds microplastics in human blood correlated with lifestyle habits and changes in coagulation markers, emphasizing the need to mitigate exposure and its health risks.

In a recent study published in Scientific Reports, researchers investigated the impact of microplastics (MP) on blood coagulation.

Their findings indicate that higher MP concentrations in blood were linked to greater levels of markers of inflammation and coagulation, highlighting the urgent need to reduce microplastic exposure."

Link: Microplastics detected in human blood linked to altered coagulation markers

Link to the published article: Microplastic particles in human blood and their association with coagulation markers

Citation: Lee, DW., Jung, J., Park, Sa. et al. Microplastic particles in human blood and their association with coagulation markers. Sci Rep 14, 30419 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81931-9

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #PlastiClenze #pollution

From: npr, December 9, 2024

Link: Microplastics research probes the type of dangers they may pose to our bodies.

"Microplastics have turned up in all corners of our anatomy. So much remains unknown about how these particles work their way through our bodies, and what that means for our health."

Link: Microplastics research probes the type of dangers they may pose to our bodies  

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #PlastiClenze #pollution #oceanpollution

From: Johns Hopkins Magazine, Winter issue, 2024

Link: A Teeny-Tiny Problem of Epic Proportions.

"Maya Dizack, BSPH '24 (ScM), set out years ago on a journey down the Mississippi River to see how widespread microplastics were in this major body of water. Her findings were more alarming than expected. But just how concerned should we be about these minute synthetic pieces of material?"

Link: A Teeny-Tiny Problem of Epic Proportions 

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #PlastiClenze #pollution #oceanpollution

From:  Medscape, November 27, 2024

Link: Microplastics Have Been Found in the Human Brain. Now What?.

"Microplastics have been found in the lungs, liver, blood, and heart. Now, researchers report they have found the first evidence of the substances in human brains.

In a recent case series study that examined olfactory bulb tissue from deceased individuals, 8 of the 15 decedent brains showed the presence of microplastics, most commonly polypropylene, a plastic typically used in food packaging and water bottles.

Measuring less than 5 mm in size, microplastics are formed over time as plastic materials break down but don’t biodegrade. Exposure to these substances can come through food, air, and skin absorption.

While scientists are learning more about how these substances are absorbed by the body, questions remain about how much exposure is safe, what effect — if any — microplastics could have on brain function, and what clinicians should tell their patients."

Link: Microplastics Have Been Found in the Human Brain. Now What?

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #PlastiClenze #pollution #oceanpollution

From: oceanographic, November 26, 2024.

Link: Krill poo: plastic pollution hinders crucial carbon cycle.

"Scientists from the British Antarctic Survey have found that the presence of nanoplastics in seawater is having an adverse impact on the ability of krill poo to absorb and lock away 20 million tonnes of carbon from the atmosphere each year."

Link: Krill poo: plastic pollution hinders crucial carbon cycle.

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #PlastiClenze #pollution #oceanpollution

From: University of Cambridge, November 26, 2024.

Link: Scientists warn of ‘invisible threat’ of microplastics as global treaty nears completion.

"Even if global production and pollution of new plastic is drastically reduced, scientists, writing in the journal Nature Communications, say that legacy plastics, the billions of tonnes of waste already in the environment, will continue to break down into tiny particles called microplastics for decades or centuries.

These fragments contaminate oceans, land, and the air we breathe, posing risks to marine life, food production and human health.

The researchers – from the University of Cambridge, GNS Science in New Zealand and The Ocean Cleanup in The Netherlands – say the problem lies in a gap between ambition and action, called the fragmentation gap.

At a meeting this week in Busan, South Korea, the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on Plastic Pollution is meeting to finalise the Global Plastics Treaty, the first legally binding treaty to tackle plastic pollution."

Link: Scientists warn of ‘invisible threat’ of microplastics as global treaty nears completion.

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #PlastiClenze #pollution

From https://pubs.acs.org/journal/cgeabj November 25, 2024.

Link: POLLUTION Should we be worried about the microplastics in our bodies?.

"Microplastics and nanoplastics are almost everywhere—even in human bodies. Over the past 5 years or so, scientists have found them in the blood and brain, heart and kidneys, liver and lungs, human milk and placenta, and testicles and semen.

If and how these plastic particles—defined as smaller than 5 mm in size—harm our health remains unclear, but clues are emerging. In the laboratory, scientists are feeding mice microplastics to understand whether these particles pose risks to the animals’ health. Researchers are also tracking health outcomes in relation to the microplastics they find in human bodies.

“It’s just such a new field,” says Matthew Campen, a toxicologist at the University of New Mexico who studies micro- and nanoplastics in human tissues. But even as the research continues to evolve from its early stages, the widespread presence of these plastic fragments in humans and the environment is already something “we absolutely need to be concerned about,” Campen says.

To learn about the potential harm from micro- and nanoplastics, scientists will need to overcome technical challenges. The most fundamental among them is accurately detecting nanoplastics, which are less than 1 μm in size, in our tissues and bloodstream. Studies indicate that nanoplastics could be more damaging than microplastics because they’re smaller and can easily enter cells. And their larger ratio of surface area to volume makes such particles more reactive.

“One of the biggest limiting steps at the moment is the technology to find those particles,” says Phoebe Stapleton, a toxicologist at Rutgers University who studies the impact of exposure to micro- and nanoplastics during pregnancy. There are a few options, she says, but those tend to be “expensive, time intensive, and are focused on specific [types of nanoparticles].”

In the coming years, scientists will have their work cut out for them as they strive to better detect these tiny plastic particles invading our bodies and better understand what their presence means for our health. “It’s sort of gobsmacking how challenging the next few years are going to be as we grapple with this problem,” Campen says."

Link: POLLUTION Should we be worried about the microplastics in our bodies?.

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #PlastiClenze #pollution

From https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/ November 19, 2024.

Link: Global Atlas Expands Reach of NOAA Microplastics Database.

"Marine microplastics are an urgent issue. Much of the world population consumes seafood as a source of protein, and microplastics can threaten this sustainable food source.

With further research, scientists can gauge how microplastics impact human health, fishing industries, and our marine ecosystems.  

Understanding the existing distributions and quantities of microplastics in the global ocean is a vital first step towards combating microplastic pollution. This requires scientists, researchers, and decision-makers to have access to large-scale, long-term comprehensive microplastics data."

Link: Global Atlas Expands Reach of NOAA Microplastics Database.

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #PlastiClenze

From https://www.ucdavis.edu/magazine November 18, 2024.

Link: The Problem with Microplastics.

UC Davis experts are studying where small bits of synthetic polymers, or microplastics, are winding up — and what risks they pose.

While photos of littered beaches and floating garbage patches are unsettling, perhaps the most problematic plastic is barely visible to the naked eye. Called microplastics — chunks less than 5 millimeters across — these bits have been detected everywhere from Arctic sea ice to national parks.

These pervasive particles are harder to clean up than larger plastics, allowing them to accumulate in the environment and inside living creatures. As their quantities rise, UC Davis researchers are racing to understand the risks they pose to ecosystems, animals and humans. 

“If these things are getting into our drinking water sources, we should really care,” said Katie Senft, a staff research associate at UC Davis’ Tahoe Environmental Research Center, “especially if they’re not going anywhere and we don’t know the long-term implications.” 

Link: The Problem with Microplastics.

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #PlastiClenze

From https://www.news-medical.net/ October 30, 2024.

 .

Link to the article: Nanoplastics impair antibiotic effectiveness and promote resistance.

From the article:

In a recent study, an international research team with significant involvement from MedUni Vienna has investigated how nanoplastic particles deposited in the body affect the effectiveness of antibiotics. The study showed that the plastic particles not only impair the effect of the drugs, but could also promote the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The results of the study were recently published in the journal "Scientific Reports".

Link to the article: Nanoplastics impair antibiotic effectiveness and promote resistance.

Link to the published article: The adsorption of drugs on nanoplastics has severe biological impact.

Citation:  Dick, L., Batista, P.R., Zaby, P. et al. The adsorption of drugs on nanoplastics has severe biological impact. Sci Rep 14, 25853 (2024).

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75785-4 

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #CDPH #PlastiClenze

From https://wwf.panda.org October 23, 2024.

Link: “We’re eating microplastics every day”: Actor Daniel Dae Kim warns in WWF video.

To raise awareness of the pervasiveness of plastic pollution and drive public action to address it, WWF releases a new video featuring Daniel Dae Kim making gimbap, a popular Korean dish, out of plastic, in a nod to how much microplastics humans could be consuming every day.

The video’s release, timed just weeks ahead of the final round of negotiations for a legally-binding global plastic pollution treaty, is part of a long-running global WWF campaign aimed at ensuring governments deliver on their promise to end global plastic pollution.

This final round, known as INC-5, will be held from 25 November to 1 December in Busan, South Korea, which is also where Kim was born.

Link: “We’re eating microplastics every day”: Actor Daniel Dae Kim warns in WWF video.

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #PlastiClenze

From in progress issue of Journal of Hazardous Materials.

Link to the article: Polystyrene nanoplastics enhance thrombosis through adsorption of plasma proteins. One would need to pay for the full article or access through your institution.

From the article:

Abstract

Plastic products offer remarkable convenience for modern life. However, growing concerns are emerging regarding the potential health hazards posed by nanoplastics, which formed as plastics break down. Currently, the biological effects and mechanisms induced by nanoplastics are largely underexplored. In this study, we report that polystyrene nanoplastics can enter the bloodstream and enhance thrombus formation. Our findings show that polystyrene nanoplastics adsorb plasma proteins, particularly coagulation factor XII and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, play a key role in this process, as demonstrated by proteomics, bioinformatic analyses, and molecular dynamics simulations. The adsorption of these proteins by nanoplastics is an essential factor in thrombosis enhancement. This newly uncovered pathway of protein adsorption leading to enhanced thrombosis provides new insights into the biological effects of nanoplastics, which may inform future safety and environmental risk assessment of plastics.

Link to the article: Polystyrene nanoplastics enhance thrombosis through adsorption of plasma proteins.

Citation: Chao Sheng, Guozhen Wang, Zijia Liu, Yuchen Zheng, Zijie Zhao, Duo Tang, Wenzhuo Li, Ao Li, Qi Zong, Renhang Zhou, Xiaonan Hou, Mengfei Yao, Zhixiang Zhou,

Polystyrene nanoplastics enhance thrombosis through adsorption of plasma proteins,

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 480, 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136168

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #CDPH #PlastiClenze

From Trellis.net, updated October 9, 2024.

Link to the online article: California’s ban on toxic IV bags marks a shift for health care plastics 

From the article:

The new law, which will go into effect in 2030, will end the use of intravenous medical supplies that contain between 30 percent to 80 percent toxic chemicals.

For decades, most U.S. medical patients getting intravenous therapies have probably also been absorbing carcinogens into their veins, even when receiving chemotherapy treatments. That’s because many IV bags contain toxic chemicals that can leach out of the plastic and into the medicines meant to improve people’s health. Sometimes those chemicals comprise nearly one-third of the weight of the bag,

This scenario is about to change — at least in California where Gov. Gavin Newsom signed into law Sept. 25 a ban on certain IV bags and tubes in health care. The Toxic Free Medical Devices Act passed in the California Senate and Assembly unanimously Aug. 26.

By 2030, under the new law, IV supplies in the state can no longer contain Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). Mixed with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic to soften it, DEHP is among the suspected cancerous chemicals known as phthalates.

The law is a win long in the making for activists, including much of the medical establishment. The American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Medical Association and others have rallied against intravenous products with DEHP for two decades.

The California law is certain to create momentum for similar laws across the country, as laws protecting consumers that are passed in California, the world’s fifth-largest economy, often do.

“We hope this historic victory will inspire healthcare institutions nationwide to make this switch immediately to eliminate DEHP exposures that are jeopardizing the health of breast cancer patients and other vulnerable populations,” said Janet Nudelman, Breast Cancer Prevention Partners’ senior director of program and policy, in an Aug. 28 statement. The San Francisco nonprofit sponsored the bill and was among 50 groups backing the ban.

Link to the online article: California’s ban on toxic IV bags marks a shift for health care plastics 

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #CDPH #PlastiClenze

From MedicalXpress.com, September 2, 2024.

Link to the online article: Microplastics found in urinary tract linked to health risks  

 A new study, challenges a 2019 World Health Organization report that microplastics in drinking water are harmless after confirming their presence in kidney, urine and bladder cancer samples.

The scoping review led by researchers from Bond University looked at 18 previous studies to assess the presence of microplastics and even smaller nanoplastics in the urinary tract. They found the contaminants were in 54% of urine samples, 70% of kidney samples and 68% of bladder cancer cases.

The review concluded that the plastic debris harmed human urinary tract cells by causing toxicity and inflammation, reducing cell survival. They also disrupt MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling, a process that helps cells respond to growth signals and stress.

"This scoping review highlights the rapidly emerging threat of microplastic contamination within the human urinary tract, challenging the World Health Organization's assertion that microplastics pose no risk to public health," the authors wrote.

Link to the online article: Microplastics found in urinary tract linked to health risks

Link to the published article: Plastic induced urinary tract disease and dysfunction: a scoping review.

Citation: O’Callaghan, L., Olsen, M., Tajouri, L. et al. Plastic induced urinary tract disease and dysfunction: a scoping review. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-024-00709-3

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #clenzeyourbody #PlastiClenze

From National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, September 24, 2024.

Link to the online podcast: Understanding Exposures to Microplastics and Nanoplastics 

Plastic pollution has become ubiquitous in our environment. Single-use water bottles, bags, and other plastic waste break down over time to form smaller particles called microplastics, which are 5 millimeters or less in length. Microplastics can then break down further into even smaller particles called nanoplastics, which are less than 1,000 nanometers in size. Scientists have detected micro- and nanoplastics in water and food, as well as human blood, lungs, and reproductive tissues like the placenta and testes. However, how these tiny bits of plastic may affect human health is uncertain.

In this episode, NIEHS-funded scientist Phoebe Stapleton, Ph.D., talks about her research to track the movement and potential health effects of micro- and nanoplastics in the body. Plus, she offers practical tips to reduce your exposure to plastic particles.

Link to the online podcast: Understanding Exposures to Microplastics and Nanoplastics

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #PlastiClenze

From ScienceAlert.com, September 21, 2024.

Link to the online article: 7,000 Microplastics Studies Show We Have One Really Big Problem 

It's been 20 years since a paper in the journal Science showed the environmental accumulation of tiny plastic fragments and fibres. It named the particles "microplastics".

The paper opened an entire research field. Since then, more than 7,000 published studies have shown the prevalence of microplastics in the environment, in wildlife and in the human body.

So what have we learned? In a paper released today, an international group of experts, including myself, summarise the current state of knowledge.

In short, microplastics are widespread, accumulating in the remotest parts of our planet. There is evidence of their toxic effects at every level of biological organisation, from tiny insects at the bottom of the food chain to apex predators.

Microplastics are pervasive in food and drink and have been detected throughout the human body. Evidence of their harmful effects is emerging.

The scientific evidence is now more than sufficient: collective global action is urgently needed to tackle microplastics – and the problem has never been more pressing.

Link to the online article: 7,000 Microplastics Studies Show We Have One Really Big Problem

Paper from Science.org: Twenty years of microplastics pollution research—what have we learned?

Richard C. Thompson et al.,Twenty years of microplastics pollution research—what have we learned?.Science0,eadl2746DOI:10.1126/science.adl2746 

#prevention #PublicHealth #clenzeearth #plasticprevention #PlastiClenze

From American Medical Association, September 20, 2024.

Link to the online article: What doctors wish patients knew about microplastics.

In the unseen corners of our daily lives, tiny particles are quietly accumulating and finding their way into the food we eat, the water we drink, and even the air we breathe. These minuscule invaders, known as microplastics, have become an inescapable part of our environment. And understanding the implications of these microscopic fragments is becoming increasingly important.

The AMA’s What Doctors Wish Patients Knew™ series gives physicians a platform to share what they want patients to understand about today’s health care headlines.

In this installment, Philip Kuriakose, MD, a hematologist and medical oncologist at the Henry Ford Cancer Institute in Detroit, discusses what patients need to know about microplastics and the implication on your health.

Henry Ford Health is a member of the AMA Health System Program, which provides enterprise solutions to equip leadership, physicians and care teams with resources to help drive the future of medicine.

Read the entire article here: What doctors wish patients knew about microplastics

#PlastiClenze #prevention #clenzeyourbody #publichealth

From Smithsonian Magazine, September 18, 2024.

Link to the online article: Scientists Find Microplastics in Human Brain Tissue Above the Nose.

Microplastics are inescapable. These miniscule plastic particles have been found at ancient archaeological sites, in freshly fallen snow on Antarctica, at the top of Mount Everest and deep in the Mariana Trench. In the human body, they’ve shown up in blood, baby poop, placentas and lungs.

Now, scientists have also discovered the tiny pollutants in brain tissue, specifically the olfactory bulb that sits above the nose. They shared their findings Monday in the journal JAMA Network Open.

Read the entire article here: Scientists Find Microplastics in Human Brain Tissue Above the Nose.

Link to the study article in JAMA Network Open: Microplastics in the Olfactory Bulb of the Human Brain.

Amato-Lourenço LF, Dantas KC, Júnior GR, et al. Microplastics in the Olfactory Bulb of the Human Brain. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2440018. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.40018 

#PlastiClenze #prevention #clenzeyourbody

From PBS.org, September 4, 2024.

Link to the online article: The world is producing 57 million tons of plastic pollution per year, new study finds .

The world creates 57 million tons of plastic pollution every year and spreads it from the deepest oceans to the highest mountaintop to the inside of people’s bodies, according to a new study that also said more than two-thirds of it comes from the Global South.

It’s enough pollution each year — about 52 million metric tons — to fill New York City’s Central Park with plastic waste as high as the Empire State Building, according to researchers at the University of Leeds in the United Kingdom. They examined waste produced on the local level at more than 50,000 cities and towns across the world for a study in Wednesday’s journal Nature.

Read the entire article here: The world is producing 57 million tons of plastic pollution per year, new study finds.

Link to the study article in Nature: A local-to-global emissions inventory of macroplastic pollution.

Cottom, J.W., Cook, E. & Velis, C.A. A local-to-global emissions inventory of macroplastic pollution. Nature 633, 101–108 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07758-6

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From Yale Environment 360, August 22, 2024.

Link to the online article: Microplastics Found in Human Brains.

Scientists have found microplastics in brain tissue. Their discovery, detailed in a new paper, is the latest in a litany of studies finding tiny plastic particles no larger than a grain of sand in virtually every part of the human body.

The new study unearthed microplastics in the livers, kidneys, and brains of human cadavers, with brain tissue containing up to 20 times more plastic than the other organs. More concerning, the brains of people who suffered from dementia contained significantly more plastic than the brains of healthy people. The findings, which are still undergoing peer review, were shared by the National Institutes of Health.

“It’s pretty alarming,” lead author Matthew Campen, of the University of New Mexico, told The New Lede. “There’s much more plastic in our brains than I ever would have imagined or been comfortable with.”

Read the entire article here: Microplastics Found in Human Brains.

#PlastiClenze #clenzeyourbody

From the University of California, July 11, 2024.

Link to the online article: What plastic pollution does to your body, and what you can do about it.

"Microplastics are essentially invisible, but they're everywhere".

Tracey Woodruff, PhD, MPH, UC San Francisco.

Unless you’ve been living under a rock, you’ve probably picked up on a growing anxiety around plastic pollution.

Plastics and the long-lasting chemicals they’re made of are accumulating in our oceans, leaching into our farm fields and piling up in landfills. Plastic is floating in the air and falling from the sky. It’s also turning up in remote, isolated caves … so even if you have been living under a rock, you might have cause for concern.

What does all this plastic pollution mean for the health of people and the planet? And what can we do about it? Experts across the University of California are tackling our big plastic problem from every imaginable angle, from chemistry to engineering, policy to art, medicine to oceanography. They’re coming back with key insights for elected officials and everyday Californians. And they’re developing practical solutions to many of the dangers that plastics pose. 

Read the entire article here: What plastic pollution does to your body, and what you can do about it.

#PlastiClenze #clenzeyourbody

From the University at Buffalo, UBNow, June 28, 2024.

Link to the online article: Art installation on campus helps combat plastic pollution .

The installation of two microplastic recycling bins on the North and South campuses is part of a broader, ongoing arts and education initiative designed to emphasize the importance of recycling and create a healthier environment for all.

The “art bin” installation project, approved by UB’s Public Art Committee, is a collaboration between UB alumna Nicole Chochrek, who designed the bins, as well as a colorful guide to educate the  public on the dangers of microplastics, and CEPA gallery.

The bins are located at Flint Loop on the North Campus and the Main Circle on the South Campus — two of the busiest spots on campus. By partnering with the university to place the bins in high-traffic areas, Chochrek hopes to spark quantifiable change and educational outreach. Plastics gathered in the UB bins, as well as others installed throughout Erie and Niagara counties, are used by Chochrek in her art practice.

By using art in the fight against rampant microplastics, Chochrek hopes to bridge the gap between science and public knowledge by making the task inviting and community-building.

Read the entire article here: Art installation on campus helps combat plastic pollution

#PlastiClenze #clenzeearth

From The Engineer, theengineer.co.uk, June 27, 2024.

Link to the online article: Biochar removes microplastics from road water runoff .

A plant-based material used to create a biochar can remove microplastics found in the runoff from roads, laboratory tests have shown.

Undertaken by RSK Group company TerrAffix and Kier, the laboratory trials are believed to be the first to look at the possibility of removing microplastics from road runoff using biochar, which is created when organic materials are turned into refractory carbon via pyrolysis.

The trials were carried out at Swansea University and found that there were no traces of microplastics in the road runoff. The solution will next be put on trial on Kier and National Highways’ A417 project, with details of the road trial in design now. 

In a statement, Matt Tompsett, head of environment and sustainability at Kier Transportation, said: “We’ve been aware of the hidden impact of microplastics generated by the highways network for years.

“We wanted to focus on a solution that could be deployed at scale within highway drainage systems. I had high hopes that biochar would be effective at removing microplastic, but the fact that there were no traces of microplastic is fantastic. Globally, there are no published papers at all which look at road runoff and microplastic removal using biochar, so this research is breaking new ground.  As with all good research projects, they raise questions as well as answer them. We now know that biochar is very effective at removing microplastic from road runoff, but we don’t know if this effectiveness diminishes over time, so the next step will be to use in a real-world scenario on our National Highways A417 Major Project to find out.”

Read the entire article here: Biochar removes microplastics from road water runoff 

#PlastiClenze #clenzeearth

From MSN.com, June 16, 2024.

Link to the online article: Potential health risks of microplastics in everyday life revealed.

Further scientific research indicates possible links between microplastics and nanoplastics and severe health consequences. How can we minimize our exposure to these pollutants?

Microplastics and nanoplastics are everywhere. These tiny plastic particles have been found in everything from drinking water to chicken nuggets, apples, and broccoli. At the same time, more and more studies are indicating links between these pollutants and heart diseases, lung diseases, and other serious health issues.

Microplastics can be very dangerous to health

Scientists are still examining the exact connections between tiny pieces of plastic and the human body. It is important to remember that these links indicate concerns about the impact of plastic microbeads on health, but they are not yet specific, unequivocally proven causal connections. We still have to wait for those. What can be done to minimize the risk of severe consequences? The magazine "Wirecutter" asked experts about this.

Doctors' first advice is the same for all other conditions. The best prevention is general care for the body: getting enough sleep, regular physical activity, a balanced diet, reducing stress levels, and undergoing preventive check-ups. A well-functioning body can better defend itself against all unfavorable external factors.

Read the entire article here: Potential health risks of microplastics in everyday life revealed 

From SaturdayEveningPost.com, June 5, 2024.

Link to the online article: Doctor's Note: Life in Plastic, It's Not Fantastic: Microplastic and Nanoplastic Toxicity 

Are we being poisoned by the plastics in our environment? David S. Chang looks at the facts and uncertainties around how we are affected by plastics and what we can do about it.

Excerpt form the article. Click the link above to read the entire article.

We live in a world of plastic. You can wake up in bed covered with polyester sheets, turn off your plastic alarm clock, put on Lycra underwear and polyester clothes, take the plastic wrap off your breakfast bar, and slip on your “vegan leather” – plastic – sneakers. Then you climb into your car, sit your butt on a plastic seat, and zoom off on synthetic rubber… plastic tires.

So when you hear that researchers recently detected nanoplastics in carotid artery plaques, microplastics in human lungs, livers, gallstones, testicles, even placentas and breastmilk, you may find yourself asking questions. Are we being poisoned by the plastics in our environment? Is it true that microplastics are “this generation’s lead pollution”, as some have speculated? What are microplastics, anyway?

From ScientificAmerican.com, May 22, 2024.

Link to the online article: Microplastics Have Now Been Found in Testicles. How Bad Is That? 

Evidence shows microplastics can end up in many different organs and may harm reproductive health

Microplastics are everywhere. These tiny polymers, shed by the 400 million-some metric tons of plastic that humans produce each year, are in the food we eat and the water we drink—and therefore our body. While microplastics’ impacts on human health have not yet been fully established, evidence suggests chemicals in some plastics can disrupt hormone signaling, potentially leading to a wide array of health effects.

New research is painting an increasingly concerning picture of how microplastics may be impacting our reproductive health. In a study published last week in Toxicological Sciences, researchers tested 23 human testicles and 47 dog testicles and found microplastics in every sample. They also found that dog testes with higher concentrations of certain microplastics tended to have lower sperm counts. The findings add to previous work that showed that other reproductive organs are also affected—a study published in February found microplastics in all tested samples from the human placenta, the temporary organ that feeds oxygen and nutrients to a developing fetus.

“There hasn’t been a body part that people have looked but haven’t found [microplastics] in,” says Tracey Woodruff, an environmental health researcher and director of the Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment at the University of California, San Francisco. Her research and that of others have found that these plastic fragments can harm human health. “It’s not a stretch to think that we’re just going to find more adverse health effects with microplastics,” she says.

Scientific American spoke with Woodruff about how microplastics impact our reproductive organs and what, if anything, we can do about the problem.

[An edited transcript of the interview follows.]

Microplastics Have Now Been Found in Testicles. How Bad Is That? 

From CNN.com, May 21, 2024.

Link to the online article: Tiny plastic shards found in human testicles, study says 

Human testicles contain microplastics and nanoplastics at levels three times higher than animal testes and human placentas, a new small study found.

Human testicles contain microplastics and nanoplastics at levels three times higher than animal testes and human placentas, a new small study found.

“These plastics are often nano-scale, typically less than half a micron in length and maybe like 20 to 200 nanometers in width,” said toxicologist Matthew Campen, coauthor of the study that published May 15 in the journal  Toxicological Sciences.

“They look like little shards, tiny broken bits from very, very old plastics,” said Campen, a regents’ professor of pharmaceutical sciences at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque.

It is fitting that the theme for Earth Day 2024 was "Planet versus Plastics". 

From Forbes online, May 4, 2024. The online article can be found here:

Making the 'Planet Vs Plastics' Fight Real

The fight to end plastic pollution gained momentum this week as the deadline for a UN-led international treaty nears, but will everything fall in place for true change?

It’s happening every day. From our water, our food and even the air we breathe, tiny plastic particles are finding their way into many parts of our body.

Link to the online article:  Microplastics Make Their Way from the Gut to Other Organs, UNM Researchers Find 

From UNM Health Sciences Newsroom, hsc.unm.edu/news/, online April 12, 2024 regarding article published in Environmental Health Perspectives:

In Vivo Tissue Distribution of Polystyrene or Mixed Polymer Microspheres and Metabolomic Analysis after Oral Exposure in Mice

Authors: Marcus M. Garcia, Aaron S. Romero, Seth D. Merkley, Jewel L. Meyer-Hagen, Charles Forbes, Eliane El Hayek, David P. Sciezka, et al.

Publication: Environmental Health Perspectives

Volume 132, Issue 4

CID: 047005

https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13435

From the online article:

It’s happening every day. From our water, our food and even the air we breathe, tiny plastic particles are finding their way into many parts of our body.

But what happens once those particles are inside? What do they do to our digestive system?

In a recent paper published in the journal  Environmental Health Perspectives, University of New Mexico researchers found that those tiny particles – microplastics – are having a significant impact on our digestive pathways, making their way from the gut and into the tissues of the kidney, liver and brain.

#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention

#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors #bindplastics

The starting material consists of waste from wood production industry and the process mirrors plastic production making it easier to adopt.

Link to the online article: ‘World’s first’ tree bark-based alternative to plastic packing material 

From interestingengineering.com, online March 29, 2024.

From the online article:

Bpacks, a UK-based startup, has launched the “world’s first” tree bark-based packaging material as an alternative to plastic.

Made from the waste of the wood production industry, the packing technology works with equipment used for plastic-based packaging production, making it easier to switch to a more environment-friendly alternative.

#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention

#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors #bindplastics

'Very concerning': Microplastics can accumulate in cancer cells and may help them spread, study hints

Link to the online article:  'Very concerning': Microplastics can accumulate in cancer cells and may help them spread, study hints 

From the LIVESCIENCE.com, online March 21, 2024 regarding article published in Chemosphere:

Microplastics role in cell migration and distribution during cancer cell division 

Brynzak-Schreiber E, Schögl E, Bapp C, Cseh K, Kopatz V, Jakupec MA, Weber A, Lange T, Toca-Herrera JL, Del Favero G, Wadsak W, Kenner L, Pichler V. Microplastics role in cell migration and distribution during cancer cell division. Chemosphere. 2024 Feb 27;353:141463. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141463. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38423146.

From the online article:

An early lab-dish study in cancer cells suggests microplastics can persist through cell division and may contribute to cancer spread, when they're in tumors.

Microplastics may hang around in the body longer than scientists previously thought and may contribute to the spread of cancer when inside tumors, a lab-dish study suggests.

The research has several limitations, however. For instance, the scientists used cancer cells grown in lab dishes, so it remains to be seen how the results apply to real-life biological systems beyond controlled lab conditions. The microplastics studied also differ somewhat from those found in the environment, because the latter have different shapes and degrade in specific ways.

Nonetheless, the lab-dish study's findings are "very concerning," Nicholas Chartres, a researcher who studies microplastics at the University of California, San Francisco and the University of Sydney, told Live Science in an email. "These types of studies are critical early warning signs for us to act," said Chartres, who was not involved in the new research.

#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention

#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors

Research shows plant-based polymers can disappear within seven months

Link: Say Hello to Biodegradable Microplastics 

From the University of San Diego, online March 21, 2024.

Go to Rapid biodegradation of microplastics generated from bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane  for the full article: Allemann, M.N., Tessman, M., Reindel, J. et al. Rapid biodegradation of microplastics generated from bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane. Sci Rep 14, 6036 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56492-6

From the article:

Microplastics are tiny, nearly indestructible fragments shed from everyday plastic products. As we learn more about microplastics, the news keeps getting worse. Already well-documented in our oceans and soil, we’re now discovering them in the unlikeliest of places: our arteries, lungs and even placentas.

Microplastics can take anywhere from 100 to 1,000 years to break down and, in the meantime, our planet and bodies are becoming more polluted with these materials every day.

Finding viable alternatives to traditional petroleum-based plastics and microplastics has never been more important. New research from scientists at the University of California San Diego and materials-science company Algenesis shows that their plant-based polymers biodegrade — even at the microplastic level — in under seven months. The paper, whose authors are all UC San Diego professors, alumni or former research scientists, appears in Nature Scientific Reports.

“We're just starting to understand the implications of microplastics. We've only scratched the surface of knowing the environmental and health impacts,” stated Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry Michael Burkart, one of the paper’s authors and an Algenesis co-founder. “We're trying to find replacements for materials that already exist, and make sure these replacements will biodegrade at the end of their useful life instead of collecting in the environment. That's not easy.”

“When we first created these algae-based polymers about six years ago, our intention was always that it be completely biodegradable,” said another of the paper’s authors, Robert Pomeroy, who is also a professor of chemistry and biochemistry and an Algenesis co-founder. “We had plenty of data to suggest that our material was disappearing in the compost, but this is the first time we’ve measured it at the microparticle level.”

#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention

#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors

Researchers’ tech removes nanoplastics from water

Link:  Researchers’ tech removes nanoplastics from water 

From the University of Waterloo, Canada, online March 15, 2024.

Go to Scientists can now remove microplastics from our water with 94 per cent efficiency for the full story.   

A Waterloo Engineering research team has developed technology that can remove harmful nanoplastics from contaminated water.

Dr. Tizazu Mekonnen, professor of chemical engineering and Canada Research Chair in sustainable multiphase polymers, and grad student Rachel Blanchard’s  (BASc ‘22, chemical engineering), innovative research can clear nanoplastics from wastewater systems with 94 per cent efficiency.

The team repurposed epoxy waste, typically destined for landfills or water systems, into activated carbon through thermal decomposition. This activated carbon effectively removed nanoplastics, which are a thousand times smaller than microplastics, from water contaminated with polyethylene terephthalate-derived nanoplastics.

It offers a promising solution to the health risks posed by these tiny contaminants which are difficult to detect and can penetrate cells. Their method achieved a 94 per cent removal efficiency by physically trapping nanoplastics in the porous structure of the waste plastic, thus generating activated carbon. 

“Rationally designed plastics not only can be part of the solution to reduce climate change but can have a positive impact in economic development and create jobs,” Mekonnen said. “This technology has the potential to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of the plastics industry.” 

#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention

#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors

Article from Nature referencing the New England Journal of Medicine article - Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Atheromas and Cardiovascular Events

Link: Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Atheromas and Cardiovascular Events NEJM

From the Nature article, online March 6, 2024.

Link: Landmark study links microplastics to serious health problems 

Plastic chokes a canal in Chennai, India.

Plastics are just about everywhere — food packaging, tyres, clothes, water pipes. And they shed microscopic particles that end up in the environment and can be ingested or inhaled by people.

Now the first data of their kind show a link between these microplastics and human health. A study of more than 200 people undergoing surgery found that nearly 60% had microplastics or even smaller nanoplastics in a main artery1. Those who did were 4.5 times more likely to experience a heart attack, a stroke or death in the approximately 34 months after the surgery than were those whose arteries were plastic-free.

“This is a landmark trial,” says Robert Brook, a physician-scientist at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan, who studies the environmental effects on cardiovascular health and was not involved with the study. “This will be the launching pad for further studies across the world to corroborate, extend and delve into the degree of the risk that micro- and nanoplastics pose.”

But Brook, other researchers and the authors themselves caution that this study, published in The New England Journal of Medicine on 6 March, does not show that the tiny pieces caused poor health. Other factors that the researchers did not study, such as socio-economic status, could be driving ill health rather than the plastics themselves, they say.

#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention

#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors

From: March 7, 2024: N Engl J Med 2024; 390:900-910 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2309822

Link: Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Atheromas and Cardiovascular Events NEJM 

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are emerging as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease in preclinical studies. Direct evidence that this risk extends to humans is lacking.

METHODS

We conducted a prospective, multicenter, observational study involving patients who were undergoing carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery disease. The excised carotid plaque specimens were analyzed for the presence of MNPs with the use of pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, stable isotope analysis, and electron microscopy. Inflammatory biomarkers were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemical assay. The primary end point was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from any cause among patients who had evidence of MNPs in plaque as compared with patients with plaque that showed no evidence of MNPs.

RESULTS

A total of 304 patients were enrolled in the study, and 257 completed a mean (±SD) follow-up of 33.7±6.9 months. Polyethylene was detected in carotid artery plaque of 150 patients (58.4%), with a mean level of 21.7±24.5 μg per milligram of plaque; 31 patients (12.1%) also had measurable amounts of polyvinyl chloride, with a mean level of 5.2±2.4 μg per milligram of plaque. Electron microscopy revealed visible, jagged-edged foreign particles among plaque macrophages and scattered in the external debris. Radiographic examination showed that some of these particles included chlorine. Patients in whom MNPs were detected within the atheroma were at higher risk for a primary end-point event than those in whom these substances were not detected (hazard ratio, 4.53; 95% confidence interval, 2.00 to 10.27; P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, patients with carotid artery plaque in which MNPs were detected had a higher risk of a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from any cause at 34 months of follow-up than those in whom MNPs were not detected. (Funded by Programmi di Ricerca Scientifica di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05900947. opens in new tab.)

#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention

#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors

From: Q&A: Microplastics researcher explains how to limit their dangers (2024, February 29)  retrieved 1 March 2024

Link: Q&A: Microplastics researcher explains how to limit their dangers 

Excerpt from the article:

An invisible invasion by land, air and sea: Microscopic plastic pieces are in the food we eat, the air we breathe and the water we drink—bottled or not.

For more than three decades, UC San Francisco Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Tracey Woodruff, Ph.D., MPH, has researched how the toxic chemicals that surround us in  modern life make us sick, like those in microplastics. Sometimes only about the width of a human hair, microplastics are the insidious byproduct of everyday items like packing materials, car tires, synthetic clothes as they degrade and even some scrubbing face washes.

Woodruff and University of California colleagues reviewed nearly 2,000 scientific studies about microplastics' health risks in 2022 at the request of California legislators seeking advice for future policies. The available evidence from animal studies led them to warn that ingested microplastics appear to reduce fertility and may increase the risk of cancer, particularly in the digestive tract. 

Here's how Woodruff's research changed what she eats to what cleaning products she has under her sink—and how what she's learned can help you, too.

#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention

#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors

From: Chemosphere, Available online 27 February 2024, 141463

Link: Microplastics role in cell migration and distribution during cancer cell division 

Highlights

• Plastic particles <1 μm occur within lysosomes of human gastrointestinal cancer cells.
• Microplastic particles accumulate to the non-proliferating areas of tumor spheroids.
• Microplastic particles were transferred between cells during cell division.
• Plastic particles of 0.25 μm increase the propensity for cell migration, and potential for pro-metastatic effects.

#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention

#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors

From: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Available online 21 February 2024, 133855

Link: Microplastics in three types of human arteries detected by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) 

Abstract

Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment. Human body can be exposed to microplastics through inhalation and ingestion and some microplastics can enter the blood and accumulate in various tissues and organs throughout the body. Animal experiments have suggested that microplastics may promote atherosclerosis. However, data on microplastics in human arteries and clinical evidence supporting a link between microplastics and atherosclerosis are currently lacking. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was used in this study to detect microplastics in three types of human arteries: coronary and carotid arteries with atherosclerotic plaques, as well as the aorta without plaques. Microplastics were detected in all 17 arterial samples, with an average concentration of 118.66 ± 53.87 μg/g tissue. Four types of microplastics were identified: polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 73.70%), polyamide-66 (PA-66, 15.54%), polyvinyl chloride (PVC, 9.69%), and polyethylene (PE, 1.07%). Most importantly, the concentration of microplastics in arteries containing atherosclerotic plaques, both coronary arteries (156.50 ± 42.14 vs. 76.26 ± 14.86 μg/g tissue, P=0.039), and carotid arteries (133.37 ± 60.52 vs. 76.26 ± 14.86 μg/g tissue, P=0.015), was significantly higher than that in aortas which did not contain atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting that microplastics might be associated with atherosclerosis in humans. This study provides valuable data for further hazard assessments of microplastics on human cardiovascular health.

Environmental implication

Microplastics, as an emerging environmental pollutant, can accumulate in a wide range of human tissues and organs. In this study, microplastics were detected in three kinds of arterial tissues (coronary arteries, power arteries, and aorta), predominantly polyethylene terephthalate (PET), followed by polyamide-66 (PA-66), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyethylene (PE). Most importantly, we found that the concentration of microplastics in arteries with atherosclerotic plaques was significantly higher than that in arteries without atherosclerotic plaques, implying that microplastics might be associated with atherosclerosis in humans. This study provided valuable data for further hazard assessment of microplastics on human cardiovascular health.

#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention

#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors

This article appeared on phys.org, Feb 13, 2024.

Link: Microplastics in soils: First consistent risk assessment 

From the article:

Microplastics in soil are extremely diverse and complex. This makes it difficult to determine the risks of plastic pollution to soil life, which is an increasing concern among policymakers and scientists. Researchers from the Spanish Institute IMDEA Water and Wageningen University & Research now offer the first ecological risk assessment indicating that risks are to be expected.

#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention

#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors

This article appeared on Medscape, Jan 11, 2024.

Link: What's the Disease Burden From Plastic Exposure? 

From the article:

Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) via daily use of plastics is a major contributor to the overall disease burden in the United States and the associated costs to society amount to more than 1% of the gross domestic product, revealed a large-scale analysis.

The research, published in the Journal of the Endocrine Society on January 11, indicated that taken together, the disease burden attributable to EDCs used in the manufacture of plastics added up to almost $250 billion in 2018 alone.

#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention

#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors