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It is fitting that the theme for Earth Day 2024 was "Planet versus Plastics".
From Forbes online, May 4, 2024. The online article can be found here:
Making the 'Planet Vs Plastics' Fight Real
The fight to end plastic pollution gained momentum this week as the deadline for a UN-led international treaty nears, but will everything fall in place for true change?
It’s happening every day. From our water, our food and even the air we breathe, tiny plastic particles are finding their way into many parts of our body.
Link to the online article: Microplastics Make Their Way from the Gut to Other Organs, UNM Researchers Find
From UNM Health Sciences Newsroom, hsc.unm.edu/news/, online April 12, 2024 regarding article published in Environmental Health Perspectives:
In Vivo Tissue Distribution of Polystyrene or Mixed Polymer Microspheres and Metabolomic Analysis after Oral Exposure in Mice
Authors: Marcus M. Garcia, Aaron S. Romero, Seth D. Merkley, Jewel L. Meyer-Hagen, Charles Forbes, Eliane El Hayek, David P. Sciezka, et al.
Publication: Environmental Health Perspectives
Volume 132, Issue 4
CID: 047005
https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13435
From the online article:
It’s happening every day. From our water, our food and even the air we breathe, tiny plastic particles are finding their way into many parts of our body.
But what happens once those particles are inside? What do they do to our digestive system?
In a recent paper published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives, University of New Mexico researchers found that those tiny particles – microplastics – are having a significant impact on our digestive pathways, making their way from the gut and into the tissues of the kidney, liver and brain.
#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention
#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors #bindplastics
The starting material consists of waste from wood production industry and the process mirrors plastic production making it easier to adopt.
Link to the online article: ‘World’s first’ tree bark-based alternative to plastic packing material
From interestingengineering.com, online March 29, 2024.
From the online article:
Bpacks, a UK-based startup, has launched the “world’s first” tree bark-based packaging material as an alternative to plastic.
Made from the waste of the wood production industry, the packing technology works with equipment used for plastic-based packaging production, making it easier to switch to a more environment-friendly alternative.
#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention
#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors #bindplastics
'Very concerning': Microplastics can accumulate in cancer cells and may help them spread, study hints
Link to the online article: 'Very concerning': Microplastics can accumulate in cancer cells and may help them spread, study hints
From the LIVESCIENCE.com, online March 21, 2024 regarding article published in Chemosphere:
Microplastics role in cell migration and distribution during cancer cell division
Brynzak-Schreiber E, Schögl E, Bapp C, Cseh K, Kopatz V, Jakupec MA, Weber A, Lange T, Toca-Herrera JL, Del Favero G, Wadsak W, Kenner L, Pichler V. Microplastics role in cell migration and distribution during cancer cell division. Chemosphere. 2024 Feb 27;353:141463. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141463. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38423146.
From the online article:
An early lab-dish study in cancer cells suggests microplastics can persist through cell division and may contribute to cancer spread, when they're in tumors.
Microplastics may hang around in the body longer than scientists previously thought and may contribute to the spread of cancer when inside tumors, a lab-dish study suggests.
The research has several limitations, however. For instance, the scientists used cancer cells grown in lab dishes, so it remains to be seen how the results apply to real-life biological systems beyond controlled lab conditions. The microplastics studied also differ somewhat from those found in the environment, because the latter have different shapes and degrade in specific ways.
Nonetheless, the lab-dish study's findings are "very concerning," Nicholas Chartres, a researcher who studies microplastics at the University of California, San Francisco and the University of Sydney, told Live Science in an email. "These types of studies are critical early warning signs for us to act," said Chartres, who was not involved in the new research.
#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention
#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors
Research shows plant-based polymers can disappear within seven months
Link: Say Hello to Biodegradable Microplastics
From the University of San Diego, online March 21, 2024.
Go to Rapid biodegradation of microplastics generated from bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane for the full article: Allemann, M.N., Tessman, M., Reindel, J. et al. Rapid biodegradation of microplastics generated from bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane. Sci Rep 14, 6036 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56492-6
From the article:
Microplastics are tiny, nearly indestructible fragments shed from everyday plastic products. As we learn more about microplastics, the news keeps getting worse. Already well-documented in our oceans and soil, we’re now discovering them in the unlikeliest of places: our arteries, lungs and even placentas.
Microplastics can take anywhere from 100 to 1,000 years to break down and, in the meantime, our planet and bodies are becoming more polluted with these materials every day.
Finding viable alternatives to traditional petroleum-based plastics and microplastics has never been more important. New research from scientists at the University of California San Diego and materials-science company Algenesis shows that their plant-based polymers biodegrade — even at the microplastic level — in under seven months. The paper, whose authors are all UC San Diego professors, alumni or former research scientists, appears in Nature Scientific Reports.
“We're just starting to understand the implications of microplastics. We've only scratched the surface of knowing the environmental and health impacts,” stated Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry Michael Burkart, one of the paper’s authors and an Algenesis co-founder. “We're trying to find replacements for materials that already exist, and make sure these replacements will biodegrade at the end of their useful life instead of collecting in the environment. That's not easy.”
“When we first created these algae-based polymers about six years ago, our intention was always that it be completely biodegradable,” said another of the paper’s authors, Robert Pomeroy, who is also a professor of chemistry and biochemistry and an Algenesis co-founder. “We had plenty of data to suggest that our material was disappearing in the compost, but this is the first time we’ve measured it at the microparticle level.”
#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention
#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors
Researchers’ tech removes nanoplastics from water
Link: Researchers’ tech removes nanoplastics from water
From the University of Waterloo, Canada, online March 15, 2024.
Go to Scientists can now remove microplastics from our water with 94 per cent efficiency for the full story.
A Waterloo Engineering research team has developed technology that can remove harmful nanoplastics from contaminated water.
Dr. Tizazu Mekonnen, professor of chemical engineering and Canada Research Chair in sustainable multiphase polymers, and grad student Rachel Blanchard’s (BASc ‘22, chemical engineering), innovative research can clear nanoplastics from wastewater systems with 94 per cent efficiency.
The team repurposed epoxy waste, typically destined for landfills or water systems, into activated carbon through thermal decomposition. This activated carbon effectively removed nanoplastics, which are a thousand times smaller than microplastics, from water contaminated with polyethylene terephthalate-derived nanoplastics.
It offers a promising solution to the health risks posed by these tiny contaminants which are difficult to detect and can penetrate cells. Their method achieved a 94 per cent removal efficiency by physically trapping nanoplastics in the porous structure of the waste plastic, thus generating activated carbon.
“Rationally designed plastics not only can be part of the solution to reduce climate change but can have a positive impact in economic development and create jobs,” Mekonnen said. “This technology has the potential to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of the plastics industry.”
#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention
#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors
Article from Nature referencing the New England Journal of Medicine article - Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Atheromas and Cardiovascular Events
Link: Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Atheromas and Cardiovascular Events NEJM
From the Nature article, online March 6, 2024.
Link: Landmark study links microplastics to serious health problems
Plastic chokes a canal in Chennai, India.
Plastics are just about everywhere — food packaging, tyres, clothes, water pipes. And they shed microscopic particles that end up in the environment and can be ingested or inhaled by people.
Now the first data of their kind show a link between these microplastics and human health. A study of more than 200 people undergoing surgery found that nearly 60% had microplastics or even smaller nanoplastics in a main artery1. Those who did were 4.5 times more likely to experience a heart attack, a stroke or death in the approximately 34 months after the surgery than were those whose arteries were plastic-free.
“This is a landmark trial,” says Robert Brook, a physician-scientist at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan, who studies the environmental effects on cardiovascular health and was not involved with the study. “This will be the launching pad for further studies across the world to corroborate, extend and delve into the degree of the risk that micro- and nanoplastics pose.”
But Brook, other researchers and the authors themselves caution that this study, published in The New England Journal of Medicine on 6 March, does not show that the tiny pieces caused poor health. Other factors that the researchers did not study, such as socio-economic status, could be driving ill health rather than the plastics themselves, they say.
#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention
#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors
From: March 7, 2024: N Engl J Med 2024; 390:900-910 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2309822
Link: Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Atheromas and Cardiovascular Events NEJM
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are emerging as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease in preclinical studies. Direct evidence that this risk extends to humans is lacking.
METHODS
We conducted a prospective, multicenter, observational study involving patients who were undergoing carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery disease. The excised carotid plaque specimens were analyzed for the presence of MNPs with the use of pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, stable isotope analysis, and electron microscopy. Inflammatory biomarkers were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemical assay. The primary end point was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from any cause among patients who had evidence of MNPs in plaque as compared with patients with plaque that showed no evidence of MNPs.
RESULTS
A total of 304 patients were enrolled in the study, and 257 completed a mean (±SD) follow-up of 33.7±6.9 months. Polyethylene was detected in carotid artery plaque of 150 patients (58.4%), with a mean level of 21.7±24.5 μg per milligram of plaque; 31 patients (12.1%) also had measurable amounts of polyvinyl chloride, with a mean level of 5.2±2.4 μg per milligram of plaque. Electron microscopy revealed visible, jagged-edged foreign particles among plaque macrophages and scattered in the external debris. Radiographic examination showed that some of these particles included chlorine. Patients in whom MNPs were detected within the atheroma were at higher risk for a primary end-point event than those in whom these substances were not detected (hazard ratio, 4.53; 95% confidence interval, 2.00 to 10.27; P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, patients with carotid artery plaque in which MNPs were detected had a higher risk of a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from any cause at 34 months of follow-up than those in whom MNPs were not detected. (Funded by Programmi di Ricerca Scientifica di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05900947. opens in new tab.)
#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention
#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors
From: Q&A: Microplastics researcher explains how to limit their dangers (2024, February 29) retrieved 1 March 2024
Link: Q&A: Microplastics researcher explains how to limit their dangers
Excerpt from the article:
An invisible invasion by land, air and sea: Microscopic plastic pieces are in the food we eat, the air we breathe and the water we drink—bottled or not.
For more than three decades, UC San Francisco Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Tracey Woodruff, Ph.D., MPH, has researched how the toxic chemicals that surround us in modern life make us sick, like those in microplastics. Sometimes only about the width of a human hair, microplastics are the insidious byproduct of everyday items like packing materials, car tires, synthetic clothes as they degrade and even some scrubbing face washes.
Woodruff and University of California colleagues reviewed nearly 2,000 scientific studies about microplastics' health risks in 2022 at the request of California legislators seeking advice for future policies. The available evidence from animal studies led them to warn that ingested microplastics appear to reduce fertility and may increase the risk of cancer, particularly in the digestive tract.
Here's how Woodruff's research changed what she eats to what cleaning products she has under her sink—and how what she's learned can help you, too.
#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention
#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors
From: Chemosphere, Available online 27 February 2024, 141463
Link: Microplastics role in cell migration and distribution during cancer cell division
Highlights
#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention
#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors
From: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Available online 21 February 2024, 133855
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment. Human body can be exposed to microplastics through inhalation and ingestion and some microplastics can enter the blood and accumulate in various tissues and organs throughout the body. Animal experiments have suggested that microplastics may promote atherosclerosis. However, data on microplastics in human arteries and clinical evidence supporting a link between microplastics and atherosclerosis are currently lacking. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was used in this study to detect microplastics in three types of human arteries: coronary and carotid arteries with atherosclerotic plaques, as well as the aorta without plaques. Microplastics were detected in all 17 arterial samples, with an average concentration of 118.66 ± 53.87 μg/g tissue. Four types of microplastics were identified: polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 73.70%), polyamide-66 (PA-66, 15.54%), polyvinyl chloride (PVC, 9.69%), and polyethylene (PE, 1.07%). Most importantly, the concentration of microplastics in arteries containing atherosclerotic plaques, both coronary arteries (156.50 ± 42.14 vs. 76.26 ± 14.86 μg/g tissue, P=0.039), and carotid arteries (133.37 ± 60.52 vs. 76.26 ± 14.86 μg/g tissue, P=0.015), was significantly higher than that in aortas which did not contain atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting that microplastics might be associated with atherosclerosis in humans. This study provides valuable data for further hazard assessments of microplastics on human cardiovascular health.
Environmental implication
Microplastics, as an emerging environmental pollutant, can accumulate in a wide range of human tissues and organs. In this study, microplastics were detected in three kinds of arterial tissues (coronary arteries, power arteries, and aorta), predominantly polyethylene terephthalate (PET), followed by polyamide-66 (PA-66), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyethylene (PE). Most importantly, we found that the concentration of microplastics in arteries with atherosclerotic plaques was significantly higher than that in arteries without atherosclerotic plaques, implying that microplastics might be associated with atherosclerosis in humans. This study provided valuable data for further hazard assessment of microplastics on human cardiovascular health.
#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention
#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors
This article appeared on phys.org, Feb 13, 2024.
Link: Microplastics in soils: First consistent risk assessment
From the article:
Microplastics in soil are extremely diverse and complex. This makes it difficult to determine the risks of plastic pollution to soil life, which is an increasing concern among policymakers and scientists. Researchers from the Spanish Institute IMDEA Water and Wageningen University & Research now offer the first ecological risk assessment indicating that risks are to be expected.
#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention
#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors
This article appeared on Medscape, Jan 11, 2024.
Link: What's the Disease Burden From Plastic Exposure?
From the article:
Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) via daily use of plastics is a major contributor to the overall disease burden in the United States and the associated costs to society amount to more than 1% of the gross domestic product, revealed a large-scale analysis.
The research, published in the Journal of the Endocrine Society on January 11, indicated that taken together, the disease burden attributable to EDCs used in the manufacture of plastics added up to almost $250 billion in 2018 alone.
#plasticlenze #clenzeearth #clenzeyourbody #plasticprevention
#nanoplastics #microplastics #endocrinedisruptors
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